In this article series, I will start with the absolute basics, and work towards building a functional network and discussing some of the various networking components and what they do.
now first i would like to ask viewers . . . . y is networking necessary in life now ? wat does networking mean ? answers of these questions would give us a brief idea of networking but to learn in depth about networking needs real attention with lots of efforts to learn for whom this field is new .
NETWORKING : networking is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the purpose of sharing data. Networks are built with a mix of computer hardware and computer software.
Networks can be categorized in several different ways. One approach defines the type of network according to the geographic area it spans. Local area networks (LANs), for example, typically reach across a single home, whereas wide area networks (WANs), reach across cities, states, or even across the world. The Internet is the world's largest public WAN .
Network Design
Computer networks also differ in their design. The two types of high-level network design are called client-server and peer-to-peer. Client-server networks feature centralized server computers that store email, Web pages, files and or applications. On a peer-to-peer network, conversely, all computers tend to support the same functions. Client-server networks are much more common in business and peer-to-peer networks much more common in homes.
A network topology represents its layout or structure from the point of view of data flow. In so-called bus networks, for example, all of the computers share and communicate across one common conduit, whereas in a star network, all data flows through one centralized device. Common types of network topologies include bus, star, ring and mesh.
Network Protocols
In networking, the communication language used by computer devices is called the protocol. Yet another way to classify computer networks is by the set of protocols they support. Networks often implement multiple protocols to support specific applications. Popular protocols include TCP/IP, the most common protocol found on the Internet and in home networks.
LETS START WITH A MODEL WHICH WE HAVE TO KNOW BEFORE LEARNING DIFFERENT CONCEPTS OF NETWORKING . THOSE CONCEPTS IS RELATED WITH THIS MODEL BY WHICH WE CAN RELATE THE WORKING OF A PARTICULAR NEWORK , EX: DEVICES , TOPOLOGIES , TRANSMISSION ASPECTS ETC .
THE OSI MODEL
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model has been an essential element of computer network design since its ratification in 1984. The OSI is an abstract model of how network protocols and equipment should communicate and work together (interoperate).
The OSI model is a technology standard maintained by the International Standards Organization (ISO). Although today's technologies do not fully conform to the standard, it remains a useful introduction to the study of network architecture.
THERE ARE SEVEN LAYERS LET'S SEGEREGATE THEM AS UPPER LAYERS AND LOWER LAYERS
Upper layers -
7. application
6. presentation
5. session
Lower layers -
4. transport
3. network
2. data link
1. physical layer .
this model is read from the lower layer - physical layer to the upper layer - application layer .
